SPINNING TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION OF SPINNING

Spinning is the twisting together of drawn-out strands of fibers to form yarn, and is a major part of the textile industry. The yarn is then used to create textiles, which are then used to make clothing and many other products. There are several industrial processes available to spin yarn, as well as hand-spinning techniques where the fiber is drawn out, twisted, and wound onto a bobbin.

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A Yarn is usually of substantial length & of small cross section. In the cross section of a yarn there are usually a multiple number of Staple fibers (short fibers) or Filaments (long fibers) of unlimited length. 

Yarn made out of Staple fiber is known as Spun Yarn, because the staple fibers should undergo number of process stages so that a yarn can be made out of them. This procedure or process stages in correct sequence is called “Spinning”. Fiber extrusion or conversion of filaments from Polymers was also considered as “Spinning”. Below mentioned is an introduction to the Yarns.

Combed Yarn Flow Chart

 

Carded Yarn Process Flow Chart

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Staple Spun Yarn: 

Those are made by Twisting Staple Fibres together into a Strand. The length of the Fibre is limited. Given are some of the spun yarns. 

01. Mono Yarn: 
Solid, Single Strand of Unlimited Length. 

02. Multi Filament: 
Many continuous filaments with some twist. 

03. Staple Yarn: 
Many short fibers twisted together tightly. 

04. Two Plied Yarn: 
Two single yarns twisted together. 

05. Multi Plied Yarn: 
Plied Yarns twisted together. 

06. Thread: 
Hard, Fine, Plied Yarn. 

07. Cord or Cable: 
Many plied yarns twisted into a course structure. 

Yarn Numbering Systems:

In above we found that there are different types of yarns. The thickness is a very important property of a yarn. So there are methods to determine & define yarn thickness. Depending on the units used for measuring Length & mass, fineness of a textile yarn is given in different units. Such systems having different units employed to indicate fineness are called Yarn Numbering Systems. There are two types of systems & they are;

1.       Direct System ( Mass per unit length)

2.       Indirect System (Length per unit Mass)

01. Direct System 

a. Tex System 
This system represents the weight in grams per 1000 m length (1000m weight in grams) 

b. Denier System 
This system represents the weight in grams per 9000m (9000m weight in grams) 

02. Indirect System 

a. Count System (Ne) 
In this system, count refers to the number of hank (01 hank equals to 840 yards) in one pound. This system called as English system as well. 

b. Metric System (Nm) 
Here it is The number of unit length of 1000 m is 1 kilogram.

Table of Yarn Numbering

Yarn Type	Numbering System	Standard Length	Standard Weight	Count
Cotton	English	Hank (840 yards.)	01 pound	Hanks / lb
Cotton	Metric	Kilometres	01 Kilogram	Km / kg
Woollen	English	Skein (256 yards)	01 Pound	Skeins / lb
Linen	Wet Spun	Hank (300 yards)	01 Pound	Hanks / lb
Spun Rayon	English	Hank (840 yds)	01 Pound	Hanks / lb