RAW MATERIAL



RAW MATERIAL AND FACTOR INFLUENCING SPINNING

# CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW MATERIAL (COTTON)

Raw material represents about 50% of the production cost of a shirt-staple yarn. This fact alone is sufficient to indicate the significance of the raw material for the yarn producer. The influence become still more apparent when the ease in processing one type of fibre material is compared with the difficulties, annoyance, additional effort and the decline in productivity and quality associated with another, similar, material. Hardly any spinner can afford to use a problem-free Raw material, because it would normally be too expensive. Adapting to the anticipated difficulties requires an intimate knowledge of the starting material and its behaviour in process and subsequent stages.

RAW MATERIAL PROPERTIES:

1. Fibre Fineness
2. Fibre Length
3. Fibre Maturity
4. Fibre Elongation
5. Fibre Stiffness


FIBRE FINENESS:

Fibre fineness is one of the three most important fibre characteristic. The fineness determines how many fibres are present in the cross-section of a yarn of given thickness. Additional fibre in the cross-section provides not only additional strength but also a better distribution in the yarn. Thirty fibres are needed at the minimum in the yarn cross-section, but there are usually over 100.

FIBRE LENGTH:

Fibre length is also one of the three most important fibre characteristics. It influences:

Spinning limit
Yarn strength
Yarn evenness
Handle of the product
Luster of the product
Yarn hairiness
Productivity

The influence of fiber length on the processing properties and the quality of the yarns produced is less significant in rotor spinning than in ring spinning, but should nevertheless not be underestimated.

The influence of staple length compared to fiber count is also of secondary importance for man-made fibers. The graduation of yarn count in accordance with fiber length results from the fact that, in contrast to cotton, shorter fibers are supplied in finer counts and longer fibers in coarser counts.






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